Claude Bernard

He firmly believed that the advancement of medicine and the relief of human suffering justified the suffering of animals but his wife was not convinced. ” In fact a “very frequent application of mathematics to biology [is] the use of averages”—that is statistics—which may give only “apparent accuracy. "


Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
In his major discourse on scientific method An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865) Claude Bernard describes what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist important a true discoverer.

Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". Historian of science I.