Believing that the power to destroy belongs to the Creator alone I affirm... that any theory which, when carried out, demands the annihilation of force, is necessarily erroneous.

: /dʒuːl/; 24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) was an English physicist and brewer born in Salford Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat and discovered its relationship to mechanical work (see energy).