The people made worse off by slavery were those who were enslaved. Their descendants would have been worse off today if born in Africa instead of America. Put differently, the terrible fate of their ancestors benefitted them.

p. Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One ISBN 0-465-08143-6
2002. ISBN 978-0-300-10775-3.

He is the author of more than 30 books. He dropped out of high school and served in the United States Marine Corps during the Korean War. Since 1980 he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.