In formal logic, a contradiction is the signal of defeat, but in the evolution of real knowledge it marks the first step in progress toward a victory.

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Whitehead's political views sometimes appear to be libertarian without the label. He believed that "there are no whole truths; all truths are half-truths. 1925a.

Alfred North Whitehead OM FRS (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English-American mathematician and philosopher. He co-authored the epochal Principia Mathematica with Russell and later wrote the metaphysical treatise Process and Reality.