philosophers have noted that people who habitually deceive
finally fall for their own deceptions. This is the well-known
phenomenon that confidence artists appeal to the willingness of
their victims to deceive both themselves and others in one and
the same act: The victims are encouraged to deceive
themselves into thinking that they deceive only others while
ignoring their own greed and the immorality of the way they
choose to satisfy it. To this Russell added that the same holds
true for all self -deception:
