For centuries, as pope and emperor tore each other apart in their quarrels over power, the excluded went on living on the fringe, like lepers, of whom true lepers are only the illustration ordained by God to make us understand this wondrous parable, so that in saying 'lepers' we would understand 'outcast, poor, simple, excluded, uprooted from the countryside, humiliated in the cities.' But we did not understand; the mystery of leprosy has continued to haunt us because we have not recognized the nature of the sign.

Eco has also written academic texts children's books and many essays. He is best known for his groundbreaking 1980 novel Il nome della rosa (The Name of the Rose) an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction biblical analysis medieval studies and literary theory. Umberto Eco Knight Grand Cross (Italian pronunciation: [umˈbɛrto ˈɛko]; born 5 January 1932) is an Italian semiotician essayist philosopher literary critic and novelist.

His most recent novel Il cimitero di Praga (The Prague Cemetery) released in 2010 was a best-seller. Umberto Eco Knight Grand Cross (Italian pronunciation: [umˈbɛrto ˈɛko]; born 5 January 1932) is an Italian semiotician essayist philosopher literary critic and novelist. He is founder of the Dipartimento di Comunicazione at the University of the Republic of San Marino President of the Scuola Superiore di Studi Umanistici University of Bologna member of the Accademia dei Lincei (since November 2010) and an Honorary Fellow of Kellogg College University of Oxford.