It might seem unfair to reward a person for having so much pleasure over the years, asking the maize plant to solve specific problems and then watching its responses.

She referred to Dissociator and Activator as "controlling units"—later as "controlling elements"—to distinguish them from genes. They observed how the recombination of chromosomes seen under a microscope correlated with new traits. She publiBarbara McClintockd a paper in Genetics in 1953 where Barbara McClintock presented all her statistical data and undertook lecture tours to universities throughout the 1950s to speak about her work.

McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927. Barbara McClintock (June 16 1902 – September 2 1992) the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguiBarbara McClintockd cytogeneticists. One of those ideas was the notion of genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis—a mechanism by which chromosomes exchange information.