Education for all seems to be the product of a type of distributive justice that is in no way related to the individual.

A new constitution was adopted in 2001 reducing presidential terms to five years following the completion of Wade's seven-year term in 2007. 49% of the vote having received the support of candidates from the first round including third place candidate Moustapha Niasse. Following his defeat in the presidential election Wade remained at the helm of the PDS even as a number of the party's key figures abandoned it.

He won re-election in 2007 with a majority in the first round but in 2012 he was defeated in a controversial bid for a third term. Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926) is a Senegalese politician who was President of Senegal from 2000 to 2012. A long-time opposition leader he ran for President four times beginning in 1978 before he was elected in 2000.