Prediction in a complex world is a chancy business. Every decision that a survival machine takes is a gamble, and it is the business of genes to program brains in advance so that on average they take decisions that pay off. The currency used in the casino of evolution is survival, strictly gene survival, but for many purposes individual survival is a reasonable approximation.

Huxley who was known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's evolutionary ideas. The Extended Phenotype (1982) in which he describes natural selection as "the process whereby replicators out-propagate each other". Lewontin.

He is an emeritus fellow of New College Oxford and was the University of Oxford's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008. Instead he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker. He is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design.