Yet the stupid believe they are awake, busily and brightly assuming they understand things, calling this man ruler, that one herdsman – how dense! Confucius and you are both dreaming! And when I say you are dreaming, I am dreaming, too. Words like these will be labeled the Supreme Swindle.

ISBN 978-0-231-03147-9. Go away quickly and do not soil me with your presence. (2 tr.

His philosophy can be considered a precursor of relativism in systems of value. He is credited with writing—in part or in whole—a work known by his name the Zhuangzi which expresses a philosophy which is skeptical arguing that life is limited and knowledge to be gained is unlimited.